Mobile app
Objective-C
The primary programming language for iOS apps, Objective-C was chosen by Apple to build apps that are robust and scalable. Being a C-language superset, it does have a number of functions that precisely deal with graphics, I/O, and display functions. Moreover, as part of the Apple development framework, Objective-C is fully integrated into all iOS and MacOS frameworks. However, it’s now slowly being replaced in the Apple ecosystem by a more powerful language called Swift.
Swift
Swift is a programming language that was created by Apple and introduced in 2014. This language is specifically designed to work with iOS and OS X platforms.
It is widely held that this system is relatively easy to learn and avoids some of the bugs of Objective-C. This programming language was developed with the idea that it would be easy and simple to use in order to create high-performing apps.
Swift is the latest programming language to foray into the Apple ecosystem, mainly considering its prevalence in writing code for Apple’s latest APIs, Cocoa and Cocoa Touch. Even though it is a language written to work along with Objective-C, the Cupertino company is making it obvious for iOS developers to turn to Swift for complete programming. Designed to eliminate the likelihood of many of the security vulnerabilities possible with Objective-C, it’s time for mobile app developers to turn to Swift, as many businesses are looking to hire Swift developers with expertise in developing cutting-edge mobile apps using this language.
Swift vs Objective-C: History and Comparison
Java
Java is the first language on the list of top Android app development. It is the most popular official language and extensively used option for Android development.
Java programming language is one of the most preferred languages when it comes to Android app development. An object-oriented programming language developed at Sun Microsystems (now owned by Oracle), Java can be run in two different ways: either in a browser window, or in a virtual machine that can do without a browser.
Java has always been the undisputed leader of being the most prominent and highly employed mobile app coding language since its birth. Java is mainly utilized for developing desktop applications, back-end web frameworks and Android applications, which makes it the best mobile platform for developers in 2019. It utilizes JVM that works smoothly in every system. Organizations favor java since it is a versatile language and offers flexibility to engineers for quick and error-free mobile application development. Being the most established language, Java also has the backing of a huge community to help users whenever they face any technical glitch.
Java is another one of programming languages for mobile app development that often gets confused with Javascript. But in fact, the two are not the same. Java is not related or geared towards any particular platform.
Though this means that the language can be used with various operating systems; it is most frequently used with Android. It is a programming language that is based on objects.
Kotlin
Another popular and official Android programming language is Kotlin. Also, it is a popular cross-platform language.
The slight difference between Java and Kotlin is that Kotlin is much simpler for new programmers than Java. Therefore, it can be considered as an excellent option for Android app development.
Kotlin is a modern programming language, which tends to increase productivity and raise the level of happiness of the developer.
Modern features of the Kotlin language lets focus on the expression of ideas and write less code measurably.
By using this language, you will have to write lesser code than Java; thus making a room in the list of top programming languages for Android app development.
Kotlin is a statically typed programming language that was developed to overrule the shortcomings of JAVA for Android app development. Kotlin can be used in combination with JAVA to make more efficient and high-performance apps.
Kotlin has very clean syntax and simple code. It is interoperable and versatile. It generates compact and cleaner code as compared to JAVA. Thus, it is the most popular language used for Android application development.
It is a concise, compact, and understandable language, completely compatible with Java. It is simple syntax and main focus on mobile development has attracted many developers.
JavaScript
All app developers need to be familiar with Javascript as it is one of the best programming languages for app development used today. This highly recognizable language is used for app development as well as web browsing. This programming language has become the most used and popular because it can be used with various platforms with ease, meaning no need to choose between iOS vs Android.
For those developers that are new to the industry, this programming language is simple to work with and easy to have total control of. There is no set standard that all developers use for Javascript. This means that there is room for variation across the various platforms.
One has to code the app once and it can be released on all platforms such as Android, iOS, and Windows. Thus, making the creation of a mobile app no big deal for JavaScript.
Dart
Dart is a fast, object-oriented paradigm based, programming language that is used for cross-platform app development. You can use Dart to write simple code snippets and fully-functional applications. Dart has a solution for almost everything under the sun right from desktop app development to web-app, mobile apps, command-line script, and server-side scripting.
Dart comes with a flexible compiler technology enabling you to run your code and build as per the target requirement. Dart equips us with a mobile app development framework called Flutter.
Front-end
The front end portion is built by using some languages which are discussed below:
HTML
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is used to design the front end portion of web pages using markup language. HTML is the combination of Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext defines the link between the web pages. The markup language is used to define the text documentation within tag which defines the structure of web pages.
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets fondly referred to as CSS is a simply designed language intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable. CSS allows you to apply styles to web pages. More importantly, CSS enables you to do this independent of the HTML that makes up each web page.
JavaScript
JavaScript is a famous scripting language used to create the magic on the sites to make the site interactive for the user. It is used to enhancing the functionality of a website to running cool games and web-based software.
Back-end
The back end portion is built by using some languages which are discussed below:
PHP
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development. Since PHP code executed on the server side so it is called server-side scripting language.
PHP is the recommended programming language for apps that need to have access to a database. This flexible programming language can support object-oriented developing but doesn’t need to focus on that specifically.
C++
It is a general purpose programming language and widely used now a days for competitive programming. It is also used as backend language.
Java
Java is one of the most popular and widely used programming language and platform. It is highly scalable. Java components are easily available.
Python
Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate systems more efficiently.
JavaScript
Javascript can be used as both (front end and back end) programming languages.
Node.js
Node.js is an open source and cross-platform runtime environment for executing JavaScript code outside of a browser. You need to remember that NodeJS is not a framework and it’s not a programming language. Most of the people are confused and understand it’s a framework or a programming language. We often use Node.js for building back-end services like APIs like Web App or Mobile App. It’s used in production by large companies such as PayPal, Uber, Netflix, Wallmart and so on.
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